APPENDIX.
STATISTICS BEARING ON THE TENEMENT PROBLEM
STATISTICS of population were left out of the text
in the hope that the results of this year's census
would be available as a basis for calculation before
the book went to press. They are now at hand, but
the correctness is disputed. The statisticians of
the Health Department claim that New York's population
has been underestimated a hundred thousand at least,
and they appear to have the best of the argument.
A re-count is called for, and the printer will not
wait. Such statistics as follow have been based on
the Health Department estimates, except where the
census source is given. The extent of the quarrel
of official figures may be judged from this one fact,
that the ordinarily conservative and careful calculations
of the sanitary Bureau make the death-rate of New
York, in 1889, 25.19 for the thousand of a population
of 1,575,073, while the census would make it 26.76
in a population of 1,482,273.
Major Cities, 1880-1889
|
Population |
Persons per
dwelling |
Deaths |
Death-Rate |
1880 |
1889 |
1880 |
1880 |
1889 |
1880 |
1889 |
New York |
1,206,299 |
1,575,073 |
16.37 |
31,937 |
39,679 |
26.47 |
25.19 |
London |
3,816,483 |
4,351,738 |
7.90 |
81,431 |
75,683 |
21.30 |
17.40 |
Philadelphia |
846,980 |
1,040,245 |
5.79 |
17,711 |
20,536 |
20.91 |
19.70 |
Brooklyn |
566,689 |
814,505 |
9.11 |
13,222 |
18,288 |
23.33 |
22.50 |
Boston |
362,535 |
420,000 |
8.26 |
8,612 |
10,259 |
23.75 |
24.42 |
New York City, 1880-1890
|
Population |
Number
of acres |
Density per acre |
Density per sq. mi. |
1880 |
1890 |
1880 |
1890 |
1880 |
1890 |
New York City |
1,206,299 |
1,513,501 |
24,890 |
48.40 |
60.08 |
30,976 |
38,451 |
under 5 years of age |
140,327 |
182,770 |
Manhattan Island |
1,164,673 |
1,440,101 |
12,673 |
92.60 |
114.53 |
41,264 |
73,299 |
Tenth Ward |
47,554 |
57,514 |
110 |
432.30 |
522.00 |
276,672 |
334,080 |
Eleventh Ward |
68,778 |
75,708 |
196 |
350.90 |
386.00 |
224,576 |
246,040 |
Thirteenth Ward |
37,797 |
45,882 |
107 |
353.20 |
428.80 |
226,048 |
274,432 |
For every person who dies there are always two disabled
by illness, so that there was a regular average
of 79,358 New Yorkers on the sick-list at any moment
last year. It is usual to count 28 cases of sickness
the year round for every death, and this would give
a total for the year 1889 of 1,111,082 of illness
of all sorts.
Deaths in New York,
by Institution, 1889
Prisons |
85 |
Hospitals |
6,102 |
Lunatic asylums |
448 |
Institutions for children |
522 |
Homes for Aged |
238 |
Almshouse |
424 |
Other institutions |
162 |
Burials in city cemetary (paupers) |
3,815 |
Percentage of such burials on
total |
9.64 |
This is exclusive of deaths in institutions, properly
referable to the tenements in most cases. The adult
death-rate is found to decrease in the large tenements
of newer construction. The child mortality increases,
reaching 104.04 per cent. of 1,000 living in houses
containing between 60 and 80 tenants. From this
point it decreases with the adult death rate.
New York Tenements,
1869-1890
|
1869 |
1888 |
1890 |
Population |
468,492 [1] |
1,093,701 [2] |
1,250,000 |
under 5 years of age |
|
143,243 |
163,712 |
Deaths |
13,285 |
24,842 |
|
Death-Rate |
28.35 |
22.71 |
|
Number of tenements in New York
December 1, 1888 |
32,390 |
Number built
June 1, 1888, to August 1, 1890 |
3,733 |
Rear tenements in existence
August 1, 1890 |
2,730 |
Total number of tenements
August 1, 1890 |
37,316 |
Tenants weeded-out of overcrowded
tenaments
1889 |
1,246 |
Tenants weeded-out of overcrowded
tenaments
first half of 1890 [3] |
1,068 |
Sick poor visited by summer
corps of doctors
1890 |
16,501 |
Corner tenements may cover all of the lot, except
4 feet at the rear. Tenements in the block may only
cover seventy-eight per cent. of the lot. They must
have a rear yard 10 feet wide, and air shafts or
open courts equal to twelve per cent of the lot.
Tenements or apartment houses must not be built
over 70 feet high in streets 60 feet wide. Tenements
or apartment houses must not be built over 80 feet
high in streets wider than 60 feet.
POLICE STATISTICS
Police Statistics,
1889
|
Males |
Females |
Number of arrests
by the police |
62,274 |
19,926 |
Number of
arrests for |
drunkenness and disorderly conduct |
20,253 |
8,981 |
disorderly conduct |
10,953 |
7,477 |
assault and battery |
4,534 |
497 |
theft |
4,399 |
721 |
robbery |
247 |
10 |
vagrancy |
1,686 |
947 |
Number or prisoners
unable to read or write |
2,399 |
1,281 |
Number of lost children
found in the streets |
2,968 |
Number of sick and
destitute cared for |
2,753 |
Found sick in the
streets |
1,211 |
Number of pawnshops
in city |
110 |
Number of cheap lodging-houses |
270 |
Number of saloons |
7,884 |
IMMIGRATION.
Immigrants Landed at
Garden Castle, 1889
in last 20 years |
5,335,396 |
in 1889 |
349,233 |
from |
England |
46,214 |
Scotland |
11,415 |
Ireland |
43,090 |
Germany |
75,458 |
Other Immigration,
1883-1889
|
1883 |
1884 |
1885 |
1886 |
1887 |
1888 |
1889 |
Italy |
25,485 |
14,076 |
16,033 |
29,312 |
44,274 |
43,927 |
28,810 |
Russia
Poland |
7,577 |
12,432 |
16,578 |
23,987 |
33,203 |
33,052 |
31,329 |
Hungary |
13,160 |
15,797 |
11,129 |
18,135 |
17,719 |
12,905 |
15,678 |
Bohemia |
4,877 |
7,093 |
6,697 |
4,222 |
6,449 |
3,982 |
5,412 |
In 1869 a tenament was a house
occupied by four families or more.
In 1888 a tenament was
a house occupied by three families or more.
These figures represent
less than two hundred of the worst tenements below
Houston Street.
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